pstp hist It was the first multinational corporation in the world and the first company to issue stock.[1] It was also arguably the world's first megacorporation, possessing quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts,[2] negotiate treaties, coin money, and establish colonies. Growth "A major problem in the European trade with Asia at the time was that the Europeans could offer few goods that Asian consumers wanted, except silver and gold. European traders therefore had to pay for spices with the precious metals, and this was in short supply in Europe, except for Spain and Portugal. The Dutch and English had to obtain it by creating a trade surplus with other European countries. Coen discovered the obvious solution for the problem: to start an intra-Asiatic trade system, whose profits could be used to finance the spice trade with Europe. In the long run this obviated the need for exports of precious metals from Europe, though at first it required the formation of a large trading-capital fund in the Indies. The VOC reinvested a large share of its profits to this end in the period up to 1630.[16] The VOC traded throughout Asia. Ships coming into Batavia from the Netherlands carried supplies for VOC settlements in Asia. Silver and copper from Japan were used to trade with India and China for silk, cotton, porcelain, and textiles. These products were either traded within Asia for the coveted spices or brought back to Europe. The VOC was also instrumental in introducing European ideas and technology to Asia. The Company supported Christian missionaries and traded modern technology with China and Japan." pstp hist food sort 12 -15 Cloves; The high value of cloves and other spices drove Spain to seek new routes to the Maluku Islands, which would not be seen as trespassing on the Portuguese domain in the Indian Ocean. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain sponsored the unsuccessful voyages of Christopher Columbus, and their grandson Charles V sponsored the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan. The fleet led by Magellan reached the Maluku Islands after his death, and the Spanish were successful in briefly capturing this trade from the Portuguese. The trade later became dominated by the Dutch in the seventeenth century. With great difficulty the French succeeded in introducing the clove tree into Mauritius in the year 1770. Subsequently, their cultivation was introduced into Guiana, Brazil, most of the West Indies, and Zanzibar. In Britain in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, cloves were worth at least their weight in gold, due to the high price of importing them.[cita http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... pstp hist econ food - Thomas Page

Pierre Poivre http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://www.neatorama.com/2011..., French East India Company http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , 10 -18 English East India Company (EIC) http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

Acting under a charter sanctioned by the Dutch government, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) defeated Portuguese forces and established itself in the Moluccan Islands in order to profit from the European demand for spices. , 10 -20 New Netherland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... New Amsterdam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Delaware General Corporation Law http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Yankee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Henry Hudson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Noordsche Compagnie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , [[[[[[[[[ 11 -9 http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... 1 -9 sort http://youtu.be/eE_IUPInEuc - Thomas Page

11 -10 Longknife Sot-Weeder [ Variations of Companies [[ 11 -15 11 -30 cultural-geography http://friendfeed.com/citizen... ... ... [ 12 -15 America's Wealth Is Staggeringly Concentrated in the Northeast Corridor [MAPS] http://www.businessinsider.com/america... 1 -15 http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs... http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

1 -26 A City Built on a Paradox: Cooperative Individualism ‘Amsterdam,’ by Russell Shorto http://www.nytimes.com/2013... [ http://globalpublicsquare.blog... [[[[ sort Co Op s http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Agricultural_cooperative http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

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Maritime culture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [[ 1 -28 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... http://friendfeed.com/citizen... [[[[ sort Homeland Culture 11 -10 Maritime vs Homeland (fatherland- Führer land / Inverted Totalitarian) culture - Thomas Page

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Dutch Cuisine Indonesia Malaysia ... - Thomas Page

Dutch_West_India_Company http://en.wikipedia.org/w... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 8 -25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

1 -10 people_from_the_Dutch_Golden_Age http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

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Amsterdam Entrepôt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [ Historical economies Confederate States of America Empire of Brazil Byzantine Empire Ancient Greece China Han Dynasty Song Dynasty Ming Dynasty Republic of China Ottoman Empire Roman Empire Scotland in the Middle Ages England in the Middle Ages { Iroquois http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [[[ Historiography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page