pstp ag phil A. Influenced by the early Age of Enlightenment, he is considered to be one of the early proponents of a scientific (and especially empirical) approach to agriculture. He helped transform agricultural practices by inventing or improving numerous implements. 9 -12 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , B. The "Enlightenment" was not a single movement or school of thought, for these philosophies were often mutually contradictory or divergent. The Enlightenment was less a set of ideas than it was a set of values. At its core was a critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals, and a strong belief in rationality and science. Thus, there was still a considerable degree of similarity between competing philosophies.[2] Some historians also include the late 17th century, which is typically known as the Age of Reason or Age of Rationalism, as part of the Enlightenment; however, most historians consider the Age of Reason to be a prelude to the ideas of the Enlightenment.[3] Modernity, by contrast, is used to refer to the period after The Enlightenment; albeit generally emphasizing social conditions rather than specific philosophies. , C. Sharing the humanist and rationalist outlook of the European Enlightenment of the same time period, the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... asserted the fundamental importance of human reason combined with a rejection of any authority which could not be justified by reason. They held to an optimistic belief in the ability of man to effect changes for the better in society and nature, guided only by reason. - Thomas Page

Visualizing Enlightenment-Era Social Networks http://www.brainpickings.org/index... , pstp smedia 12 -11 http://www.nytimes.com/2010... , hist eco http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp... 12 -10 -14 Voltaire http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Virgil classical Roman poet, best known for three major works—the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the Aeneid—although a number of minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, have also sometimes been attributed to him. Virgil came to be regarded as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid can be considered a national epic of Rome and has been extremely popular from its publication to the present day. His work has influenced Western literature. His epic, the Aeneid, had followed the literary model of Homer's epic poems Iliad and Odyssey. The story is about Aeneas's search for a new homeland and his war to found a city , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Scholars have often been at odds over how to read the work as a whole, and puzzled over such phrases as labor omnia vincit / improbus (1.145-146), which is not simply the platitude, "work conquers all," but "shameful work conquers all." As its name suggests (Georgica, from the Greek word γεωργεῖν geōrgein, 'to farm') the subject of the poem is agriculture; but far from being an example of peaceful rural poetry, it is a work characterized by tensions in both theme and purpose. , 12 -8 Natural History (Pliny) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Agriculture The methods used to cultivate crops are described extensively by Pliny in Books 18 to 28. He praises Cato the elder and his work De Agri Cultura http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , which he uses as a primary source. Pliny's work includes discussion of all known cultivated crops and vegetables, as well as herbs and remedies derived from them. It is also a source for some interesting devices and machines used in cultivation and processing the crops. For example, he describes a simple mechanical reaper that cut the ears of wheat and barley without the straw and was pushed by oxen (Book XVIII, chapter 72). This device was forgotten in the Dark Ages, during which period reapers reverted to using scythes and sickles to gather crops. - Thomas Page

List of Latin phrases (full) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , List of Greek phrases http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

I really don't mind if you sit this one out. - Akiva

yeah probably should chill a bit - Thomas Page

Hey, now, it's a Jethro Tull lyric! - Akiva

Catching up with " Thick as a Brick" , 7 -7 Chrysalis Records http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Ian_Anderson_(musician) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... ... - Thomas Page

One of the best! - Akiva

:) American Enlightenment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , [ ( see Pliny's Reaper pre dark ages in 3rd post ^ ) Cyrus McCormick http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , Eli Whitney 9 -12 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... ... ] , 7 -7 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... , 11 -5 http://www.sciencefriday.com/blogs... http://friendfeed.com/citizen... , 11 -9 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... 11 -26 Cato the Younger http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 12 -9 -14 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

Annuit cœptis and the other motto on the reverse of the Great Seal, Novus ordo seclorum, can both be traced to lines by the Roman poet Virgil. Annuit cœptis comes from the Aeneid, book IX, line 625, which reads, Jupiter omnipotens, audacibus annue cœptis.[13] It is a prayer by Ascanius, the son of the hero of the story, Aeneas, which translates to, "Jupiter Almighty, favour [my] bold undertakings." , Novus ordo seclorum - The phrase is taken from the fourth Eclogue of Virgil[2] , which contains a passage (lines 5-8) that reads: Now comes the final era of the Sibyl's http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... song; The great order of the ages is born afresh And now justice returns, honored rules return; now a new lineage is sent down from high heaven. , [[[[ 8 -8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [[[[[[[[ 11 -9 http://bibliodyssey.blogspot.com/2013... http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... [[ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... The area of the modern state of Saxony should not be confused with Old Saxony, the area inhabited by Saxons. Old Saxony corresponds approximately to the modern German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and the Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... ({[ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

7 -15 sort Technology and culture can “shape” or “influence” each another if and only if one proceeds from the assumption that they are separable, conceptually or semantically. For most of the past two centuries this has effectively been the case, but it is has not always been so. Until about 1800, the word “culture” in English referred to husbandry—that is, to techniques for tending crops and domesticated animals, including selective breeding. Sometimes it was used interchangeably with the world “coulter,” which is a part of a plough. Technology and culture used to be very closely aligned, so much so that it was difficult to imagine the one apart from the other. https://medium.com/futuris... - Thomas Page

7 -4 Fundamentalist-Modernist_Controversy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [ 2 -8 1662 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [[[[[ 6 -16 sort 1689 bill of rights http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 7 -4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 7 -6 http://www.nytimes.com/2014... - Thomas Page

Common Sense Realism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... the fundamental importance of human reason combined with a rejection of any AUTHORITY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... which could not be justified by reason. They held to an optimistic belief in the ability of man to effect changes for the better in society and nature, guided only by reason. [[ The earliest precursor to modern complex systems theory can be found in the classical political economy of the Scottish Enlightenment, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://friendfeed.com/citizen... http://friendfeed.com/citizen... 7 -10 http://gene-callahan.blogspot.com/2014... 7 -19 Authoritative Authority vs Expedient Authority vs _ Authority ??? - Thomas Page