not directly related [ Nicol prism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... A Nicol prism consists of a Calcite crystal which has been cut into two halves. Canada Balsam is placed between the two layers. Calcite is an anisotropic crystal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... and has different refractive indices for rays polarized along directions parallel and perpendicular to its optic axis. These rays with differing refractive indices are known as the Ordinary and extraordinary rays. The refractive index for Canada Balsam is in between the refractive index for the ordinary and extraordinary rays. Hence the ordinary ray will be totally internally reflected. The emergent ray will be plane polarized and traditionally this has been one of the popular ways of producing polarized light. [[[ not directly related to not directly related http://io9.com/5668227... The viscous oil is light to very dark green to dark red in colour depending on the thickness of the observed sample. The oil appears green in thin layer and red in thick layer. Such optical phenomenon is called dichromatism.[3] Pumpkin oil is one of the substances with strongest dichromatism. Its Kreft's dichromaticity index is -44 ]]] 2 -4 not directly related to not directly related to not directly related http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page
Atmospheric optics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [ A single reflection off the backs of an array of raindrops produces a rainbow with an angular size on the sky that ranges from 40° to 42° with red on the outside. Double rainbows are produced by two internal reflections with angular size of 50.5° to 54° with violet on the outside. Within the "primary rainbow" (the lowest, and also normally the brightest rainbow) the arc of a rainbow shows red on the outer (or upper) part of the arc, and violet on the inner section. This rainbow is caused by light being reflected once in droplets of water. In a double rainbow, a second arc may be seen above and outside the primary arc, and has the order of its colors reversed (red faces inward toward the other rainbow, in both rainbows). This second rainbow is caused by light reflecting twice inside water droplets.[28] The region between a double rainbow is dark. The reason for this dark band is that, while light below the primary rainbow comes from droplet reflection, and light above the upper (secondary) rainbow also comes from droplet reflection, there is no mechanism for the region between a double rainbow to show any light reflected from water drops, at all. [[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A rainbow does not actually exist at a particular location in the sky. Its apparent position depends on the observer's location and the position of the Sun. All raindrops refract and reflect the sunlight in the same way, but only the light from some raindrops reaches the observer's eye. This light is what constitutes the rainbow for that observer. The position of a rainbow in the sky is always in the opposite direction of the Sun with respect to the observer, and the interior is always slightly brighter than the exterior. The bow is centred on the shadow of the observer's head, or more exactly at the antisolar point (which is below the horizon during the daytime), appearing at an angle of 40–42° to the line between the observer's head and its shadow. As a result, if the Sun is higher than 42°, then the rainbow is below the horizon and usually cannot be seen as there are not usually sufficient raindrops between the horizon (that is: eye height) and the ground, to contribute. Exceptions occur when the observer is high above the ground, for example in an aeroplane (see above), on top of a mountain, or above a waterfall. "covenant" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://xkcd.com/1276/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Acording to the nautical almanac, the Moon's semidiameter was predicted to be about 16.6' today. That is a diameter of about 33.2'. There are 60" per 1'. So the angular size is predicted to be about 1992", plus or minus about 6". Source: Online Nautical Almanac - Thomas Page
6 -23 Navigation Noon Shots solstice vs equinox ? Northern vs Southern Solstice ? http://friendfeed.com/citizen... 12 -24 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page
6 -23 Telescope Mounts Ect ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page
Asphalt Mirages 9- 10 am - Thomas Page
A dipleidoscope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... is an instrument used to determine true noon http://www.sollumis.com 1:05 dst its name comes from the greek for double image viewer. It consists of a small telescope and a prism that creates a double image of the sun. When the two images overlap, it is local true noon. The instrument is capable of determining true noon to within ten seconds. - Thomas Page