Passive immunity , Active immunity , In biology, immunity is the state of having sufficient biological defences to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. It is the capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from entering it. Immunity involves both specific and non-specific components. The non-specific components act either as barriers or as eliminators of wide range of pathogens irrespective of antigenic specificity. Other components of the immune system adapt themselves to each new disease encountered and are able to generate pathogen-specific immunity. Innate immunity, or nonspecific immunity is the natural resistances with which a person is born. It provides resistances through several physical, chemical and cellular approaches. Microbes first encounter the epithelial layers, physical barriers that line skin and mucous membranes. Subsequent general defences include secreted chemical signals (cytokines), antimicrobial substances, fever, and phagocytic activity associated with the inflammatory responses. The phagocytes express cell surface receptors that can bind and respond to common molecular patterns expressed on the surface of invading microbes. Through these approaches, innate immunity can prevent the colonization, entry and spread of microbes. Adaptive immunity is often sub-divided into two major types depending on how the immunity was introduced. Naturally acquired immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, whereas artificially acquired immunity develops only through deliberate actions such as vaccination. Both naturally and artificially acquired immunity can be further subdivided depending on whether immunity is induced in the host or passively transferred from an immune host. Passive immunity is acquired through transfer of antibodies or activated T-cells from an immune host, and is short lived—usually lasting only a few months—whereas active immunity is induced in the host itself by antigen and lasts much longer, sometimes lifelong. A further subdivision of adaptive immunity is characterized by the cells involved; humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies, whereas the protection provided by cell mediated immunity involves T-lymphocytes alone. Humoral immunity is active when the organism generates its own antibodies, and passive when antibodies are transferred between individuals. Similarly, cell mediated immunity is active when the organisms’ own T-cells are stimulated and passive when T cells come from another organism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... sort http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

9 -28 immune-system-in-more-detail http://friendfeed.com/citizen... , Immune_complex http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , 11 -21 artificial-induction-of-immunity http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

Inflammation - Innate Immunity ] Although infection is caused by a microorganism, inflammation is one of the responses of the organism to the pathogen. However, inflammation is a stereotyped response, and therefore it is considered as a mechanism of innate immunity, as compared to adaptive immunity, which is specific for each pathogen.[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , Category:Inflammations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 11 -21 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

Cells of the Immune System http://www.hhmi.org/biointe... , 3 -20 HHMI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://www.janelia.org/ Howard_Hughes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , [Obsessive_Compulsive_Disorder_and_physical_decline http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 6 -23 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

http://www.hhmi.org/bulleti... http://www.hhmi.org/bulleti... 11 - 16 Accelerating Neuroscience Research with Better Tools Neuroscientists and Microelectronics Engineers Join Forces to Develop Next-Generation Neuroprobes http://www.hhmi.org/news... http://www.janelia.org/lab... Allen Institute for Brain Science http://www.alleninstitute.org/ http://www2.imec.be/be_en... - Thomas Page

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Resolution_of_inflammation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Acute-phase_protein http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Pathway:WP430 http://www.wikipathways.org/index... - Thomas Page

4 -28 The_LAL_test http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Glucan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Pathogen-associated_molecular_pattern http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Pattern_recognition_receptor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

EE is characterised by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... into the epithelium of the squamous oesophagus. This is thought to be probably an allergic reaction against ingested food, based on the important role eosinophils play in allergic reactions. Eosinophils are inflammatory cells that release a variety of cytokines which inflame the surrounding oesophageal tissue. This results in symptoms of pain, visible redness on endoscopy, and a natural history that may include stricturisation. A characteristic set of genes termed the "EE transcriptome" described by Professor Marc Rothenberg MD, PhD, is expressed and distinguishes patients with EE from unaffected individuals or from patients with other forms of esophagitis. The EE transcriptome has now been developed into a 94 gene panel, called the EE Diagnostic Panel (EDP) which provides a rapid and accurate means to diagnose EE and monitor disease activity. Eosinophilic_esophagitis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Reflux_esophagitis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [[ Lingual_lipase http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

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Patch clamp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Ion_channel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://www.technologyreview.com/video... Several new tools for exploring individual neurons allow scientists to probe the workings of the brain in great detail. Optogenetics makes it possible to turn specific neurons on and off in lab animals to determine how those brain cells are affecting activity. Patch clamping lets scientists record the electrical activity of neurons inside a living brain, a process that has now been automated. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 6 -24 http://www.technologyreview.com/feature... 7 -6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 7 -30 sort http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Electrocorticography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://www.technologyreview.com/news... http://www.nytimes.com/2014... 7 -16 Immunoproteomics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

2 -7 How to not get sick? https://friendfeed.com/citizen... 2 -8 Immunity with Natural exposure to pathogens while not getting sick? Not reliable for everything yet why not strive for and understand realities of what's and how's ?? Wallow in the muck,mire and mud? Associate with good organisms. Immunological resume. Checklist. - Thomas Page

2 -7 Human_leukocyte_antigen-Functions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 2 -8 sort fits how? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 2 -20 sort fits how http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Chemokine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for chemokines. This is the process by which T cells are attracted to specific tissue and organ targets. Many forms of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, initially use CCR5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... to enter and infect host cells. A few individuals carry a mutation known as CCR5-Δ32 in the CCR5 gene, protecting them against these strains of HIV. - Thomas Page

Interleukin_6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Cytokine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Cytokine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://time.com/3108739... Association of Serum Interleukin 6 and C-Reactive Protein in Childhood With Depression and Psychosis in Young Adult Life http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article... [[[ PGE2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... is also the prostaglandin that ultimately induces fever. Fever-Pathophysiology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [ Eicosanoid_receptor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

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Medical_tricorder http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressre... Immunologic_tests http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 2 -7 sort http://powerlisting.wikia.com/wiki... - Thomas Page

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Immunostimulant http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Biochemical_cascade http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

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Wetware 2 -8 sort sort controlling influencing with religious morality in guise of supreme entity , good intentions crude , piety , avoidance heavy , enforcement, herd health, sheep, [ efficacy , obsolescence [[ Maslow btm rungs strive for Actualization? { riffing not sacrilege, } fundo, freak outs { gotta walk on eggshells, lest we offend delicate sensibilities and ... [[[[[[ objective > herd health ? { Lawfare folkways, Obsolete control loops , alpha dogs damaging herd {{{{ mistrust - Thomas Page