Merck and The Merck Manuals http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet... sort Cattle Diseases http://cattletoday.info/index... - Thomas Page

2 -10 Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a ‘phagocytic synapse’ http://www.nature.com/nature... C-type lectin domain family 7 member A/Dectin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC7A gene.[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Dectin-1 is a major beta-glucan receptor on macrophages. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed... ] http://www.beta-glucan-info.com/index... The Immune-Enhancing Benefits of Beta Glucans http://www.lef.org/magazin... Beta-glucan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Yeast and medicinal mushroom derived β-glucans are notable for their ability to modulate the immune system. One study has shown that insoluble (1,3/1,6) β-glucan, has greater biological activity than that of its soluble (1,3/1,4) β-glucan counterparts.[3] The differences between β-glucan linkages and chemical structure are significant in regards to solubility, mode of action, and overall biological activity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Effects of beta-glucans on the immune system. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed... http://www.webmd.com/vitamin... , [ body’s largest mass of immune-cell-populated lymphoid tissue, known as gut-associated lymphoid tissue, or GALT.1 , Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) , L-glutamine , For example, low dietary levels of L-glutamine have been shown to contribute to intestinal permeability, while supplementation boosts barrier function.15-16 Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) can also enhance gastrointestinal health, while n-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) and marshmallow leaf and root are involved in the formation and defense of the intestinal mucosa’s protective cover.17-18 Berberine balances digestive inflammatory responses, cabbage and phosphatidylcholine support the GI tract, while slippery elm stimulates protective mucous secretion—and gamma oryzanol offers antioxidant support to keep gastric acid secretion balanced.19-23 , You can find all of these critical gut-strengthening nutrients combined in VRP’s GI Cell Support. For added defense, you can also supplement with lectin-binding compounds like the ones in VRP’s Lectin Lock™—including NAG, bladderwrack, okra, D-mannose, and sodium alginate—which have been shown to protect GI cells by binding with trouble-causing dietary lectins.24 And of course, a comprehensive probiotic that contains Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum—such as VRP’s BioPro™—can also improve mucosal barrier function.25 Finally, clinical studies show the patented yeast culture EpiCor® can dramatically boost your levels of secretory IgA, an immunoglobulin responsible for reinforcing your mucosal lining26-27 http://friendfeed.com/tprivat... ] [ http://www.begellhouse.com/journal... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Interactions Between Commensal Fungi and the C-Type Lectin Receptor Dectin-1 Influence Colitis http://www.sciencemag.org/content... [ Dectin-1 is a major beta-glucan receptor on macrop... [J Exp Med. 2002] - PubMed - NCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed... Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a ‘phagocytic synapse’ http://www.nature.com/nature... C-type lectin domain family 7 member A/Dectin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC7A gene.[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Dectin-1 is a major beta-glucan receptor on macrophages. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed... [ [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... See also Mannan Oligosaccharides (MOS) Isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Research has shown increased production of enzymes such as; maltase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase with MOS.[20][25] Effects of MOS on the intestinal microflora As mentioned earlier MOS affects bacterial attachment in the intestinal tract. In controlled studies with chickens, a reduction in the prevalence and concentration of different strains of salmonella, as well as E. coli, was reported.[13] Reductions in E. coli were also reported by several other researchers.[14] Salmonella is a zoonoses, therefore an efficient control system, which includes dietary measures is critical in order to produce safe food. Further research has shown a reduction in clostridia, another common intestinal pathogen.[15][16] The effects of MOS at controlling E. coli and salmonella are quite consistent. However, reported effects on promoting beneficial bacteria, such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are more variable.[13][16][17] The application of molecular techniques allows us to study the composition of the intestinal microflora, giving us a more detailed picture of the complex changes following MOS supplementation.[18][19] [edit]Effects of MOS on intestinal structure and function A large surface area is key for optimal digestive function, therefore the surface of the small intestine should be covered with long healthy villi. Yang et al.[20] reported better energy digestion when including MOS in broilers. Several studies with MOS in poultry have looked at the intestinal structure and discovered longer villi and a more shallow crypt.[21][22][23] Comparable changes in intestinal structure have also been reported in fish. In rainbow trout, supplementing the diet with 0.2% level of MOS resulted in an increase in gut surface area, microvilli length and density, and altered microbial populations.[24] A shallow crypt is a good indicator for an efficient small intestine, which requires fewer nutrients for renewal. With a low renewal rate the intestinal cells become more mature, allowing for more efficient digestive enzyme production and nutrient absorption. Research has shown increased production of enzymes such as; maltase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase with MOS.[20][25] To protect the villi and intestinal surface, the gut produces protecting mucus. This mucus is produced in specific cells called goblet cells. In general the number of goblet cells is an indicator of mucus production. Researchers found that goblet cell numbers were increased with MOS.[17][21] The importance of those changes for animal health is still being debated by scientists. http://cattletoday.com/archive... http://www.alltech.com/product... [ Dietary fiber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , (add types ect http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Beta-glucan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... ) ( Glucomannan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... sort> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... ) Mechanism , Effects of fiber intake , Soluble fiber fermentation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , Short-chain fatty acids http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Glucose transporter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , 6 -11 sort <mos http://www.ngagro.com/article... , 6 -18 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Examples Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), which are found in many vegetables, consist of short chains of fructose molecules. (Inulin has a much higher degree of polymerization than FOS and is a polysaccharide.) Galactooligosaccharides (GOS), which also occur naturally, consist of short chains of galactose molecules. These compounds can be only partially digested by humans. Oligosaccharides are often found as a component of glycoproteins or glycolipids and as such are often used as chemical markers, often for cell recognition. An example is ABO blood type specificity. A and B blood types have two different oligosaccharide glycolipids embedded in the cell membranes of the red blood cells, AB-type blood has both, while O blood type has neither. Mannan Oligosaccharides (MOS) are widely used animal feed to improve gastrointestinal health, energy levels and performance. They are normally obtained from the yeast cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Research at the University of Illinois has demonstrated that Mannan Oligosaccharides differ from other Oligosaccharides in that they are not fermentable and their primary mode of actions include agglutination of type-1 fimbrae pathogens and immunomodulation [2] [edit]Therapeutic effects When oligosaccharides are consumed, the undigested portion serves as food for the intestinal microflora. Depending on the type of oligosaccharide, different bacterial groups are stimulated or suppressed.[3][4] Clinical studies have shown that administering FOS, GOS, or inulin can increase the number of these friendly bacteria in the colon while simultaneously reducing the population of harmful bacteria.[5] [edit]Sources FOS and inulin are found naturally in Jerusalem artichoke, burdock, chicory, leeks, onions, and asparagus. FOS products derived from chicory root contain significant quantities of inulin, a fiber widely distributed in fruits, vegetables and plants. Inulin is a significant part of the daily diet of most of the world’s population. FOS can also be synthesized by enzymes of the fungus Aspergillus niger acting on sucrose. GOS is naturally found in soybeans and can be synthesized from lactose (milk sugar). FOS, GOS, and inulin are available as nutritional supplements in capsules, tablets, and as a powder. Not all natural oligosaccharides occur as components of glycoproteins or glycolipids. Some, such as the raffinose series, occur as storage or transport carbohydrates in plants. Others, such as maltodextrins or cellodextrins, result from the microbial breakdown of larger polysaccharides such as starch or cellulose. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , 7 -17 sort http://friendfeed.com/citizen... Galactomannan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://www.cybercolloids.net/library... , 11 -5 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://www.sciencedaily.com/release... http://articles.mercola.com/sites... , 11 -21 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

2 -14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 11 -13 http://www.nytimes.com/2013... Calving Management http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet... 1 -20 feed late in day to get more daytime calving. Science Behind? 1 -28 Grafting calves the wearing of dead calfs skin ... - Thomas Page

2 -21 Laminitis Founder http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://americashorsedaily.com/grass-f... - Thomas Page

sort http://barnyardsandbackyards.org/2010... http://www.bovidr.com/ , 5 -28 http://cattle.purinamills.com/ http://honorshowchow.com/ http://beef.osu.edu/library... http://beefmagazine.com/mag... http://extension.oregonstate.edu/news... http://www.yourcattle.com/members... Flaxseed: The Next Superfood For Cattle And Beef? http://www.npr.org/blogs... , 6 -4 http://www.today.com/pets... , 8 -10 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... , 11 -5 http://tilthproducers.org/program... - Thomas Page

Marijuana Gives Pigs the Munchies Too http://newsfeed.time.com/2013... http://www.npr.org/blogs... http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013... - Thomas Page

Livestock Handling Systems, Cattle Corrals, Stockyards, and Races http://www.grandin.com/design... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

temple grandin book tv http://www.booktv.org/Watch... [ 1 -20 Counting Sheep: From Open Range to Agribusiness on the Columbia Plateau http://www.earthlightbooks.com/... [[[[[[ tangent Good_Shepherd http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Parable_of_the_Wicked_Husbandmen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... The_Sheep_and_the_Goats http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Pericope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... ({[ Rubric means ? - Thomas Page

mechanism of weight gain of livestock on antibiotics 6 -26 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index... http://www.ars.usda.gov/alterna... http://www.fao.org/docrep... http://www.ahi.org/issues-... http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english... , 9 -4 sort http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-b... - Thomas Page

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://www.npr.org/blogs... http://www.slate.com/article... , 8 -10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... , 8 -15 http://gothamist.com/2013... 9 -14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 1 -2 http://www.chicagotribune.com/busines... http://www.businessinsider.com/why-mer... 7 -2 http://articles.mercola.com/sites... - Thomas Page

Winter of 1886–87 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Early South Dakota Blizzard Leaves Thousands Of Cattle Dead http://beefmagazine.com/blog... http://igrow.org/livesto... , 10 -30 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Ben Snipes, Northwest Cattle King http://www.historylink.org/index... http://www.historicthedalles.org/history... - Thomas Page

9 -17 Teddy Roosevelt on Ranching ... Ranching Eras ... - Thomas Page

7 -4 Pink Slimified Mystery Meats , Hydrogenated oil sponges , Ect , Yum [ eat steak eat steak - Thomas Page

Shareholders want cheap meat [ Ultimately, Ogle finds there is a fundamental disconnect in the way many of us view meat. We want it; we want it cheaply; we want it made in a place where we don't have to deal with the sights and sounds of slaughtering animals; and we don't want it to come from factory farms. Something, Ogle says, has to give. http://www.npr.org/blogs... [[[ 12 -12 shareholders corporate beings myths of ownership abstractions of ownership credit defaulting swaping subprimers enroners 7 -2 expense to stakeholders ? 1 -28 pounds of flesh ... Servitude ... [[[[[[[[ 2 -1 http://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

Advice from a Farm Vet on Caring for Livestock Animals in Winter http://www.motherearthnews.com/homeste... http://www.bovinevetonline.com/practic... - Thomas Page

2 -2 Small animal practice Vet where the money is ... [ https://friendfeed.com/citizen... [[ All creatures great and small [[[ Recollections of vets I've known and known of , Auctioneers... [[{}]] crying in the rain , 2 -5 Parsley Sage Rosemary and Thyme - Thomas Page

Certainty ] Death can and will occur at some point after life begins ... [[ but not for you because ... 7 -14 http://nymag.com/thecut... 1 -20 Life expectancy at ALL stages of life development varies how ? Sperm success ratio ? Egg success ratio ? To age _ ? XKCD http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki... type treatment... ? - Thomas Page

Uncertainty ] Life begins at .0000000001 , 80% of morph? , .75 , .75 + respiration (Pneumatology) , weaning , market wt. , time of conversion to monetary ? Sustenance ... [[** Life as a ... ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... [[[ 7 -3 Dualism on off black white hot cold [[[[[ shades of gray ... Magic Moments 1 -23 https://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

2014 cattle prices http://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2014... http://www.purdue.edu/newsroo... http://www.agcenter.com/newcatt... - Thomas Page

1 -20 http://farmingsimulator.wikia.com/wiki... 2 -9 What does the farm want? http://www.iowafarmertoday.com/news... http://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/+sympos... - Thomas Page

1 -22 Forage https://friendfeed.com/citizen... 2 -9 sort https://www.facebook.com/video... - Thomas Page

9 -18 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... Hindgut_fermentation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... 2 -5 https://friendfeed.com/citizen... - Thomas Page

Cud http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index... http://www.thecattlesite.com/disease... http://beef.osu.edu/library... http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet... [[[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://www.cattletoday.com/archive... [[[[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki... - Thomas Page

. - Thomas Page

Rocky Mountain Oysters [ 1 -28 castrating at a couple weeks old rather than waiting for a roundup ... ? - Thomas Page

. - Thomas Page

Gravy sucking Pigs , Bulls make money-Bears make money - Thomas Page

Husbandry - Thomas Page